Charli Chaplin (Charles Spenser Chaplin English Charles Spencer Chaplin; on April, 16th 1889 - on December, 25th 1977) - the American film-actor, a scripwriter, the composer and the director of an English origin, the universal master of a cinema, the founder of one of the most well-known images of world cinema - an image brodjazhki CHarli. The younger brother of the actor of Sydney Chaplin. Twice winner of the premium of the American Film-academy (1929 and 1972).
Biography
Charli Chaplin was born on April, 16th, 1889 in London, in family of actors of a music hall. Soon after birth CHarli its parents dispatch; children have remained on care of mother, Hanny Herriett Hill which continued to act in a variety show. In some years it has lost a voice and in 1896 has been compelled to leave a stage. Brothers Sid and CHarli (together with mother) have appeared in rabotnom the house in Lambete, and then have been sent to school for orphans and poor children.
CHarli for the first time has appeared on stage in 1894, in the age of five years, having replaced in the program of a music hall the mother. In the end of 1898 it acts in children’s dancing group « Eight lankashirskih guys ». After criticism named Chaplin’s films “film-ballet”. For Christmas of 1900 « Lankashirskie guys » participated in a pantomime “Cinderella”; Chaplin in a suit of a cat for the first time has had an opportunity to make laugh spectators. In the spring of 1901 Chaplin leaves from « Lankashirskih guys ». On May, 9th, 1901 in the age of 37 years father Chaplin dies. CHarli seldom visits school, works as the seller of newspapers, the assistant to the doctor, in a printing house, etc., but anywhere long is not late because of small age.
In 1903 it (in the age of 14 years) receives a permanent job at theatre and a role of the messenger Bills in the play “Sherlok Holmes”. At this time Chaplin was practically illiterate. When to it have handed over the text of a role, it was afraid, that some paragraphs will ask to read through it aloud. To it the brother of Sydney has helped to learn a role.
Within several years CHarli also plays a variety show. From 16 years on a regular basis played on a violin for 4-16 hours per day, took lessons from the theatrical conductor, or its friends.
On February, 21st, 1908 receives a place of the actor in theatrical enterprise Freda Karno which delivered ready sketches and pantomimes for a lot of music halls, and soon becomes one of key actors in a number of statements (it adapted some of which for the screen later).
Chaplin with troupe Karno was on tours in the USA from September, 1910 till June, 1912. In 1912 it for five months comes back to England, and on October, 2nd, 1912 the young man comes together with troupe Karno to the USA and remains in this country. During one of performances it the film producer notices Poppy Sennet. Game CHarli is pleasant to the Poppy, and it invites the actor to work in the studio « Kistoun Film » (Keystone Film). On September, 23rd, 1913 Chaplin concludes the contract with « Kistoun Film » with the salary in $150 in a week.
Charli Chaplin and Jackie Kugan in film “Kid”
Charli Chaplin and Jackie Kugan in film “Kid”
Firstly Chaplin tries to simulate rough enough style sennetovskih comedies-impromptues, however the success to it brings a withdrawal from this style. Soon it becomes the well-known film actor and starts to form and perfect the screen image. Firstly its character Chez (on film-making “crackers” in the kept working doubles it was designated as Chas Chaplin, Avenarius names it “CHejs”) looked the rather impudent swindler and the lady’s man, however gradually in it there is all more than human heat and lyricism, which spectator has got used to connect with image Small Tramps. Gradually mastering all new aspects of film production, Chaplin ceases to be satisfied only with actor’s work and persuades Senneta to allow to put to it films. Soon Chaplin starts to understand, that work on Senneta limits its creative opportunities, and leaves from “Kistoun”.
In 1914 Chaplin independently removes the first film (Zastignutyj a rain) in which it represents itself as the actor, the director, and a scripwriter.
Earnings CHarli quickly grow: if in 1914 in “Kistoun” it receives $150 in a week, in 1915 in studio « Essenej Film » (Essanay Film) - $1250 in a week plus a bonus $10 000 for the contract; in 1916-1917, in « Mjuchuel Film » (Mutual Film) - $10 000 in a week plus $150 000 for the contract. In 1917 Chaplin concludes with studio « Fyorst Neshnl » (First National Pictures) the contract on $1 million, becoming on those times the most dear actor in history.
In due course it decides to find creative independence and in 1919 bases studio « JUnajted Artists » (United Artists) together with Mary Pikford, Douglas Ferbenksom and David U.Griffitom.
In 1921 Chaplin makes travel to the Europe. In London and Paris at its occurrence huge crowds gather. For the three first day in London Chaplin has received 73000 letters. In Berlin nobody knew it, in post-war Germany Chaplin’s films did not show. The second visit to the Europe Chaplin has made in 1931 - during prime-ministers of film « Fires of the big city ». In third time Chaplin has visited the Europe in 1936 during display of film « New times ».
Up to 1922 Chaplin had no own house - veins in the rented houses, hotels, and club. In 1922 Chaplin has constructed the house in beverli-Õ¿½½ß. In the house except for 40 rooms there was a cinema hall and body.
The glory to Chaplin was brought by mute cinema and though the sound has appeared in films in 1927, CHarli there is true to old film-technics even a whole decade. The sound picture of Chaplin first completely became « the Great dictator » - the antihitlerite film which has been removed in 1940. It was last film where the image brodjazhki-þáÓ½¿ is used.
In 1952 Chaplin creates film “Festoon lightings” - the story about destiny of the creative person and about creativity in general. On September, 17th, 1952 it sends to London on world to prime-minister of “Festoon lightings”, and the chapter of FBI Edgar Hoover achieves from immigration authorities of an interdiction on return entrance of the actor to the country. Chaplin settles in Switzerland, in small town Veve.
In Switzerland Chaplin writes music to the old silent movies, sounds film « the Gold fever ».
The actor was nagrazhdyon the Soviet International premium of the World in 1954.
« King in New York » (1957) Chaplin all still itself stars in the film.
In 1964 Chaplin publishes the memoirs which have laid down in a basis of a biographic feature film “Chaplin” (1992).
« Countess from Hong Kong » Chaplin puts last film under the script in 1967; leaging roles in film have executed Sofi Loren and Marlon Brando.
In 1972 Chaplin in second time has received honourable “Oscar”. For this purpose it has arrived for short time to the USA - to it a distance only limited visa. On March, 4th, 1975 Chaplin has been devoted in knights by queen Elizabeth II.
The actor has died on December, 25th, 1977 in the house in Veve.
Chaplin was married four times, it had 11 children. Some of them also tried themselves as actors; as the actress has received the greatest popularity Dzheraldina Chaplin.
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